Working papers
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ILO Working paper 84
Engendering informality statistics: gaps and opportunities
21 November 2022
Informality is a dynamic and multidimensional concern that demands gender-sensitive data. In 2018, globally, more than 60% of employment was informal. However, global averages hide that in more countries the share of women in informal employment exceeds that of men. Also, women in the informal economy are often in the most unprotected situations – as domestic workers, home-based workers and contributing family workers – where a lack of visibility can increase their vulnerability.
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ILO Working paper 83
Labour protests during the pandemic : The case of hospital and retail workers in 90 countries
07 November 2022
With a novel methodology searching news events from world’s largest news agencies via the online GDELT project, this report documents protest of key workers against their working conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic in 90 countries.
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ILO Working paper 82
Long-term care in the context of population ageing: a rights-based approach to universal coverage
20 October 2022
With the acceleration of population ageing, the achieving of healthy ageing is becoming a global imperative and social protection policies and social security systems have an important role to play in this endeavour.
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ILO Working paper 81
Key workers in Malaysia during the pandemic
17 October 2022
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Malaysian government prioritized health and economic stimulus packages for the sectors considered “key” for the economy and gave little recognition to the workers making contributions to the functioning of daily lives.
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ILO Working paper 80
Realizing the opportunities of the platform economy through freedom of association and collective bargaining
30 September 2022
This study provides empirical evidence from different regions of the world to identify avenues for platform economy workers to access freedom of association and collective bargaining.
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ILO Working paper 79
COVID-19 Among Migrant Farmworkers in Canada: Employment Strain in a Transnational Context
20 September 2022
This study analyzes the conditions that migrant farmworkers in Canada endured prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2020-March 2022).
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ILO Working paper 78
Labour market policies for inclusiveness: A literature review with a gap analysis
07 September 2022
This paper reviews the role of specific fiscal spending and transfer programmes in shaping labour market dynamics by disentangling different macroeconomic and microeconomic mechanisms.
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ILO Working paper 77
The effects of COVID-19 on businesses: key versus non-key firms
30 August 2022
This paper analyzes how a specific differentiation by governments throughout the world – whether a sector was deemed “essential” or “key” – affected firm performance.
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ILO Working paper 76
The role of tripartite social dialogue in facilitating a just transition: Experiences from selected countries
30 August 2022
This Working Paper analyses the role of tripartite social dialogue in supporting green workplaces and, more generally, promoting just transitions at enterprise level.
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ILO Working paper 75
Using Online Vacancy and Job Applicants’ Data to Study Skills Dynamics
18 August 2022
This paper finds that big data on vacancies and applications to an online job board can be a promising data source for studying skills dynamics, especially in countries where alternative sources are scarce. To show this, we develop a skills taxonomy, assess the characteristics of such online data, and employ natural language processing and machine-learning techniques. The empirical implementation uses data from the Uruguayan job board BuscoJobs, but can be replicated with similar data from other countries.